HYDRATE FOR LIFE: Rethinking our obsession with water

Why is there an article about drinking water on a blog for window cleaning you might ask. Apart from the fact that water is the most common tool we use to perform our work, it is also important to drink often to keep ourselves running optimally throughout the day… or so we thought. Most of us grew up thinking we needed to drink eight glasses of water each day. We were told this because our parents were told this. It is a myth, and a study by the University of Pennsylvania shows that hydration isn’t as simple as drinking 64 ounces of water each day. So where does the standard advice come from? “Nobody really knows.” says Dr. Stanley Goldfarb at the University of Pennsylvania, There is no clear benefit from drinking increased amounts of water.”   Understanding hydration The human body is comprised of around 60% water, and is a well-tuned balancing machine. If we need sleep, we sleep. If we need food, we eat. And if we need water well, we drink. Another commonly held myth about hydration is that our thirst mechanism doesn’t kick in until after we are dehydrated and that simply isn’t true. Water in the body is measured in two ways; dehydration, the lack of water circulating in the blood stream, and hydration, the amount of water being held in bodily tissue. Dehydration occurs when the concentration of the blood rises 5% (our thirst mechanism is triggered at 2%) a way to visualize this is a reduction of 2% of body weight (4 lbs for a 200 lb man). With this picture we can start to see that many of us are simply not in a position of risk for dehydration over the course of a regular day. Also, hydration is not as simple as drinking more water as excess water doesn’t actually increase hydration, it only decreases the blood concentration and throws electrolytes out of balance. Fluid is stored in our fat and muscle tissues, with fat cells holding 15-25% water and fat cells holding up to 72% water. Therefore it is difficult to be properly hydrated if you are overweight. An overweight person might find themselves more often thirsty, causing them to drink more water as their body retains less than an average weight person while depleting nutritional stores and disrupting electrolyte balances. The best way to self-assess your hydration level is by examining the colour of your urine. It shouldn’t be a dark colour, nor should it be completely clear. The colour of our urine is affected by many things including the foods we eat, vitamins, medications etc. A light yellow colour is the best. If you wake up in the middle of the night to urinate, or go more than 5 times per day you’re drinking too much.   Getting what we need Rethinking hydration leads us to consider the water levels in our food. For example, an apple is 84% water, and yes the water from coffee, tea or alcoholic beverages do count. There are many ways to hydrate your body with foods that add to your nutrition whereas water depletes our system without adding anything back in. Coconut water, kombucha, herbal teas, coffee and soups are all great ways to hydrate your body, and avoid sugary sports drinks unless you engage in very strenuous and long work-outs. Work on resetting your water addiction by ditching that monster-size 24 oz glass in favour of a teacup size and decrease body fat to improve your hydration. “There’s no evidence to drink more water than thirst dictates”, Goldfarb says. “If one is just playing a game of indoor tennis or having a short run on an indoor treadmill, the need to maintain hydration during that is just non-existent” Goldfarb advises. So as the doctor says; go easy on the water. We need it to clean windows!

Dangers of Bird Droppings

A memorable scene from the movie Fight Club displays the ultimate revenge against luxury car owners. Edward Norton and Brad Pitt lay down massive amounts of bird feed on the roofs of luxury car dealerships resulting in the absolute covering of the cars in bird droppings. The scene, a point of humour in the movie, is far from it in real life. Pigeons and other birds have adapted so well to the urban environment. Our litter provides a constant food source and our buildings are perfect for roosting, and there are barely any predators. Because of this you can find them practically everywhere. These airborne pests make their homes in rafters, under bridges, parking garages, airport hangars, warehouses, lube shops, repair facilities and more. In any environment, these nuisance birds can cause problems but in concentrated populations can bring serious risk. Pigeons are the most common pest and are well adapted to urban life and widely distributed. They breed throughout the year, producing up to six broods annually. Gulls have adapted so well to city life they are found far inland away from their coastal origins and can be aggressive when nesting. Bird droppings can carry disease, erode steel, and devalue other capital assets. More than a nuisance Wherever birds nest or roost on buildings, fouling is an inevitable result. Apart from being unsightly, accumulations of bird droppings can lead to long term property problems. Bird waste contains uric acid, and has also been identified by inspectors as a contributing factor in the tragic bridge collapse of 2007 in Minneapolis. Bird droppings can deteriorate almost any building material. It can block gutters leading to water ingress and cause localized flooding, damage can also build up unseen on flat roof spaces. Masonry, particularly limestone is highly sensitive to bird droppings. Ornate architecture provides more spaces for birds to roost leading to disfigurement of a buildings design features. Bird droppings can ruin fabric awnings and short out electrical equipment. Inevitably maintenance activity has to increase to protect a building against bird infestation. Health Risks The real danger is to your health, as bird droppings contain hazardous diseases and parasites. Entomologist research has identified more than 60 transmittable diseases and dangerous parasitic organisms associated with bird droppings, Ornithosis (a flu type disease) Histoplasmosis & Cryptococcosis (a potentially fatal lung infection), Ecoli (a gastro-enteritis disease), and Toxoplasmosis (a parasitic infection) are among the most common, as well as Encephalitis and Meningitis. The most common methods of contracting illness from droppings are inhalation and ingestion. Inhalation occurs when droppings are dried and disturbed creating an airborne dust that can be inhaled. Histoplasmosis can be transmitted through inhalation. Ingestion occurs when eating or drinking foods that have come into contact with bird related micro-organisms. Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted by ingestion. In addition to disease and related illnesses, bird droppings also create a slip hazard a particular problem with fire escapes. Taking control There are many solutions in the market available to fight back against your avian invasion ranging from lethal to non-lethal. Nets, wires, spikes, gels, visual deterrents, sonic devices, live trappings, falconry, and other population control measures have been used to manage offending bird problems. You may choose to use two or more solutions together as part of an aggressive control strategy, but remember birds are adaptive, make a note to move visual deterrents or change settings on machines to keep birds off balance.

A brief history of the window cleaning industry

The profession of window cleaning is the result of a synergistic relationship between two separate innovations of human civilization: Glass making and building construction. Both of which are the product of rich, long histories in their own right. To provide the context for this article, extremely brief overviews are given to set the stage and are by no mean intended to be complete. Ancient origins Glass has long been a material used in human culture. Deep mysteries surround exactly which ancient culture became the first to combine sand, soda-line and ashes in high temperature to become glass. The ancient Roman historian Pliny suggested that Phoenician merchants first made glass in the region of Syria around 5000 BC. Archaeological evidence indicates the first man-made glass originated in Mesopotamia around 3500BC, although glass-making origins are also demonstrated in Egypt around the same period and is likely a result of the trading network between the two cultures. The collapse of the Roman empire saw a decline in glass manufacturing techniques which did not really pick up again until the 13th century. The type of glass we see every day in windows and storefronts is called sheet glass and on March 25, 1902, Irving W Colburn patented the sheet glass drawing machine, making the mass production of glass for windows possible. The first building to feature a glass curtain wall was Oriel Chambers in Liverpool, built in 1864, it was framed in iron and was five storeys tall. This innovation led to further developments, shifting away from load bearing masonry to a steel skeleton which supports the weight of the structure.  The Home Insurance Building in Chicago at 138 ft and ten storeys was built in 1885 and is the world’s first skyscraper to use this technology. Less than fifty years later, the tallest building in the world, The Empire State Building was  a stunning 1250 feet, 102 storeys with and has 6514 windows. Up in the sky Workers of the trade are often by necessity required to be trouble shooters and innovators in their own right. As buildings continued to get taller, The challenge of safely cleaning the windows became an issue. Lugs or eye bolts were embedded in the building on each side of a window, cleaners then wore a belt similar to those used by electrical linemen and would climb out of the window and attach each end of the belt to the hooks. The window cleaner would lean back against the belt with his toes on ledges only a few inches wide and clean the window. Incredibly labour intensive and requiring large crews to complete the work, this method was quickly abandoned as rope descent systems began to appear. Although abseiling, a technique used by mountain climbers dates back to 1876, the use and promotion of descenders for window cleaning was a by-product of the Vietnam War. Using a combination of ropes and descending equipment, a platoon could quickly and safely exit a helicopter to reach the ground below. Vets returning from Vietnam who used these systems adapted them to the window cleaning industry. Just as advancements in technology allowed for more efficient glass production and building construction, working from heights continues to get safer as well. Innovations in the industry including the bosun’s chair, descent & ascent systems, parapet clamps, swing stages, aerial lifts and water-fed poles contribute to a safer work environment. Also, regulatory bodies such as WCB develop safe work standards and oversee the industry while industry specific societies such as SPRAT provide recognized training and accreditation. Tools of the trade The origin of the squeegee dates back to the middle ages as a tool made of wood called a “squilgee” was used by fishermen to scrape fish guts from the boat decks. The first modern squeegee, the “Chicago Squeegee” was a heavy and cumbersome tool that featured two stiff blades fastened with 12 screws to hold it all together. This design was further improved by Italian immigrant Ettore Steccone who invented a lightweight, brass tool with a single, flexible rubber blade dubbed “The New Deal”. This design is so efficient that it has remained basically unchanged since its inception in 1936. Not just a window cleaning tool, the brass-handled Ettore squeegee saved the lives of five men trapped in an elevator during the attack on the World Trade Center in 2001. Quick thinking window washer Jan Demczur pried open the elevator doors and used his squeegee to cut through the drywall of an elevator shaft stuck on the 50th floor, fleeing from the building five minutes before it came to the ground. One of the more recent innovations is the telescopic,water-fed pole which allows the worker to safely clean windows up to 60 feet in height from the ground. This system is ideal for low-rise buildings which typically do not feature roof anchor systems. Advancements in technology such as carbon-fibre and water-purification systems enhance the output of this tool, making it a formidable addition to the window cleaners toolkit. Another product emerging on the market are automatic window washing systems. Working similar to a robotic vacuum, these systems travel up and down the side of a building. An interesting idea, these devices seem to be limited in capacity to buildings with minimal architectural features, and have a long way to go before replacing their human counterparts. What does the future of window cleaning look like? The window cleaning industry has firm roots in problem solving and troubleshooting. Even to this day with all the advances in technology and engineering, window cleaning is still at times an afterthought, a problem left to the professionals of the trade to figure out. It is this environment that fosters the high level of ingenuity responsible for innovations in the industry. Consider the tallest building in the world, Burj Khalifa. Completed in 2010, standing 2723 feet in height, it features 24,348 windows totalling 1.3 million square feet of glass! It is an understatement to say that  Burj Kalifa represents the state-of-the-art